2007   Volume No 14 – pages 45-55

Effects of AS-cast and wrought cobalt-chrome-molybdenum and titanium-aluminium-vanadium alloys on cytokine gene expression and protein secretion in J774A.1 macrophages

Author: SS Jakobsen, A Larsen, M Stoltenberg, JM Bruun, K Soballe

Address: Department of Orthopaedics, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark

E-mail: Stig.Jakobsen@ki.au.dk

Key Words: CoCrMo, titanium, inflammation, cytokine, real time RT-PCR, surface, osteolysis, J774A.1 macrophage, dissolucytosis.

Publication date: September 11th 2007

Abstract: Insertion of metal implants is associated with a possible change in the delicate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory proteins, probably leading to an unfavourable predominantly pro-inflammatory milieu. The most likely cause is an inappropriate activation of macrophages in close relation to the metal implant and wear-products. The aim of the present study was to compare surfaces of as-cast and wrought Cobalt-Chrome-Molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys and Titanium-Aluminium-Vanadium (TiAlV) alloy when incubated with mouse macrophage J774A.1 cell cultures. Changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines [TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-10] and proteins known to induce proliferation [M-CSF], chemotaxis [MCP-1] and osteogenesis [TGF-beta, OPG] were determined by ELISA and Real Time reverse transcriptase - PCR (Real Time rt-PCR). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured in the medium to asses the cell viability. Surface properties of the discs were characterised with a profilometer and with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. We here report, for the first time, that the prosthetic material surface (non-phagocytable) of as-cast high carbon CoCrMo reduces the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 transcription, the chemokine MCP-1 secretion, and M-CSF secretion by 77 %, 36 %, and 62 %, respectively. Furthermore, we found that reducing surface roughness did not affect this reduction. The results suggest that as-cast CoCrMo alloy is more inert than wrought CoCrMo and wrought TiAlV alloys and could prove to be a superior implant material generating less inflammation which might result in less osteolysis.

Article download: Pages 45-55 (PDF file)