1 Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
2 Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
Abstract
Tendons are bradytrophic tissues, characterized by a dense extracellular matrix in their core, low cellularity, and limited vascularization under healthy conditions. Upon sustaining injury or undergoing degenerative changes, matrix quality decreases and generally a hypervascular, fibrotic scar tissue forms. The significance of angiogenesis in this context remains a topic of ongoing debate and investigation. This review focuses on the vasculature of healthy tendon tissue and the angiogenic mechanisms involved in tendinopathy, with a particular emphasis on Achilles tendon tendinopathy. Furthermore, this narrative review discusses the ongoing controversy surrounding the potential benefits of either promoting or limiting vascular supply in tendon healing.
Graphical Abstract

Keywords
- Tendon vasculature
- Achilles tendinopathy
- VEGF
- angiogenesis
